In vitro sensitivity testing of Cladobotryum mycophilum to carbendazim and prochloraz manganese

Authors

  • Alinesi Chakwiya 1. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 2. Plant Sciences Research Centre, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kitwe, Zambia
  • Elna J. van der Linde Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
  • Lise Korsten Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/20140408

Keywords:

Agaricus bisporus, cobweb disease, fungicide effectiveness, fungicide resistance, fungicolous fungi

Abstract

Limited information of fungicide efficacy on cultivated mushrooms and resistance development potential is available. Minor crop industries in general have a smaller arsenal of protectants to rely on and the likelihood of resistance build-up is of greater concern. This study focused on Cladobotryum mycophilum's sensitivity to carbendazim and prochloraz manganese following recent reports on decreased efficacy of both fungicides. The median effective dose (ED50) values for carbendazim ranged between 0.02 mg/L and 4.31 mg/L with 60% of the South African isolates being moderately resistant. The highest resistance factor for carbendazim was 215. Prochloraz manganese ED50 values varied from 0.00001 mg/L to 0.55 mg/L. A significant difference in mean ED50 values for both fungicides tested was observed. Using cluster analysis, no discrimination of isolates previously exposed and unexposed to prochloraz manganese was observed. A wide range of differences in ED50 values indicated moderate resistance to carbendazim and high sensitivity to prochloraz manganese among isolates under investigation. Discriminant analysis indicated significant differences between clusters contributed by one or a few variables. This study provided evidence that prochloraz manganese remains highly fungitoxic to C. mycophilum. However, prochloraz manganese is to be used in a disease management strategy in combination with strict farm hygiene management strategies to retain product efficacy and ensure crop protection.

Published

2015-11-26

Issue

Section

Research Article

How to Cite

Chakwiya, A., van der Linde, E. J., & Korsten, L. (2015). In vitro sensitivity testing of Cladobotryum mycophilum to carbendazim and prochloraz manganese. South African Journal of Science, 111(11/12), 7. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/20140408
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