SNP-based marker-assisted selection for high provitamin A content in African cassava genetic background

Esperance D. Codjia; Bunmi Olasanmi; Chike E. Ugoji; Ismail Y. Rabbi

doi:10.17159/sajs.2023/15115

Authors

Esperance D. Codjia 1.Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-6727
Bunmi Olasanmi 1.Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2.Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-7992
Chike E. Ugoji International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5174-0849
Ismail Y. Rabbi International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-2941

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/15115

Keywords:

vitamin A deficiency, marker-assisted selection, provitamin A content, Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR

Abstract

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) contributes to significant levels of mortality and morbidity, particularly among children and women in Africa. Cassava is a major staple crop whose biofortification with betacarotene can contribute to reducing the VAD prevalence in a cost-effective and sustainable approach. Developing high provitamin A content (pVAC) cassava varieties through the conventional approach is a laborious and slow process, partly due to the breeding bottlenecks caused by the biology of the crop. To complement the phenotypic screening for pVAC and increase selection efficiency as well as accuracy, we employed four Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) assays to predict the level of carotenoids in a cassava population developed from open-pollinated crosses. There was significant correlation (r= 0.88) between total carotenoid content (TCC) and root tissue colour score in the study population. Marker S1_24155522 at the phytoene synthase gene explained most of the phenotypic variation in TCC and root colour (R²= 0.37 and 0.55, respectively) among the genotypes evaluated in this study. The other markers did not individually account for much phenotypic variation in the trait in our study population. Three genotypes – namely UIC-17-679, UIC-17-1713, and UIC-17-2823 – had higher TCCs, ranging from 10.07 μg/g to 10.88 μg/g, than the national yellow check variety IITA-IBA-TMS070593 (9.20 μg/g). Marker PSY572/S124155522 is therefore recommended for routine use in marker-assisted selection for pVAC enhancement in African cassava germplasm.

Significance:

We evaluated the performance of the SNP markers associated with provitamin A content in a cassava population and draw relevant conclusions that will foster the applications of these markers in different cassava improvement programmes with similar interests. Marker-assisted selection was sufficiently accurate for an early screening of individuals for carotenoid content, especially when thousands of genotypes are usually handled. This screening will reduce efficiently the challenges and burden attached to the use of sophisticated instruments for carotenoid quantification (e.g. HPLC and I-check) for the benefit of breeders and researchers in the field.