Chimpanzee subspecies and 'robust' australopithecine holotypes, in the context of comments by Darwin

Authors

  • J. Thackeray Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • S. Prat UPR 2147 du CNRS, 44 rue de l'Amiral Mouchez, 75014 Paris, France. Human Origins and Past Environments Research Unit (HRU), Transvaal Museum, P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.

Abstract

On the basis of comparative anatomy (including chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates), Darwin1 suggested that Africa was the continent from which 'progenitors' of humankind evolved. Hominin fossils from this continent proved him correct. We present the results of morphometric analyses based on cranial data obtained from chimpanzee taxa currently recognised as distinct subspecies, namely Pan troglodytes troglodytes and Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, as well as Pan paniscus (bonobo). Our objective was to use a morphometric technique2 to quantify the degree of similarity between pairs of specimens, in the context of a statistical (probabilistic) definition of a species.3 - 5 Results obtained from great apes, including two subspecies of chimpanzee, were assessed in relation to same-scale comparisons between the holotypes of 'robust' australopithecine (Plio-Pleistocene hominin) taxa which have traditionally been distinguished at a species level, notably Paranthropus robustus from South Africa, and Paranthropus (Australopithecus/ Zinjanthropus) boisei from East Africa. The question arises as to whether the holotypes of these two taxa, TM 1517 from Kromdraai6 and OH 5 from Olduvai,7 respectively, are different at the subspecies rather than at the species level.

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Published

2010-02-02

Issue

Section

Research Letters

How to Cite

Thackeray, J., & Prat, S. (2010). Chimpanzee subspecies and ’robust’ australopithecine holotypes, in the context of comments by Darwin. South African Journal of Science, 105(11/12), 463-464. https://sajs.co.za/article/view/10232
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