Patterns of blunt force homicide in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa

Courtnee Clark; Calvin G. Mole; Marise Heyns

doi:10.17159/sajs.2017/20160214

Authors

Courtnee Clark Department of Pathology, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-6877
Calvin G. Mole Department of Pathology, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8483-8190
Marise Heyns Department of Pathology, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-9665

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20160214

Keywords:

blunt force trauma, pattern of injuries, autopsy, fracture, laceration

Abstract

There is currently a lack of information regarding the prevalence of and characteristics associated with blunt force trauma related homicides in South Africa. Information relating to the patterns of blunt force trauma could assist in the development and implementation of interventions targeted at specific areas or individuals as well as direct future research towards areas in need of investigation. This study is a 5-year retrospective review of autopsy reports obtained from Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa). The prevalence of blunt force trauma was considered for unnatural deaths with a focus on homicide. The patterns of homicidal blunt force trauma are also presented. A total of 15 519 autopsy cases was analysed. In 1198 (7.72%) of these cases, the cause of death was found to be blunt force trauma and 828 (5.32%) of these cases were classified as homicides. Approximately 11% of blunt force homicide cases occurred in combination with sharp and/or ballistic trauma. Men from poor socio-economic areas were shown to be most at risk of blunt force homicide in the City of Cape Town.

Significance:

The prevalence of homicidal blunt force trauma in the Western Metropole of the City of Cape Town is comparable to other regions in South Africa.
The vast majority of victims sustained injury to the head, highlighting the need for further research in cranial blunt force trauma.
Interventions should target young men, particularly in low socio-economic regions.