y2016m11b17
20161117160700
assa
nadine@assaf.org.za
assa
South African Journal of Science
S. Afr. J. Sci
0038-2353
1996-7489
11172016
Volume 112
Number 11/12
Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills
Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills
Paul
Kekana
Forestry and Forest Products Research Centre, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Bruce
Sithole
Forestry and Forest Products Research Centre, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Deresh
Ramjugernath
Forestry and Forest Products Research Centre, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Abstract
Ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor was carried out in a stirred batch cell using polyethersulfone membranes. Parameters such as operating pressure, feed concentration, stirring rate and membrane cut-off size were varied and their effects on lignin retention and permeate flux were investigated. The operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate were varied in the ranges 150–350 kPa, 3–9% and 200–400 rpm, respectively. The membranes used had cut-off sizes of 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa. A one-factor-at-a-time experimental design approach was applied in this study. Retention of lignin increased with increases in operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate, but decreased with an increase in molecular cut-off size of the membrane. Permeate flux on the other hand increased with increases in pressure, stirring rate and molecular cut-off size of the membrane but decreased with an increase in feed concentration. The extraction of lignin from black liquor was successfully carried out and extraction efficiencies as high as 86% could be achieved depending on the experimental conditions. The study was concluded with the recommendation of conducting additional experiments using a pilot plant in a continuous mode.
11172016
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za/
10.17159/sajs.2016/20150280
20161117160700
http://sajs.co.za/stirred-cell-ultrafiltration-lignin-black-liquor-generated-south-african-kraft-mills/paul-kekana-bruce-sithole-deresh-ramjugernath
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf
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http://sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS-112-11-12-Kekana_ResearchArticle.pdf