Characterisation of Bambara groundnut landraces: Nutritional and proximate composition

Abstract

Bambara groundnut (BGN) is a promising but underutilised legume, and there is limited research on its nutritional composition. In this study, we sought to assess the nutritional makeup of 70 BGN landraces, focusing on proximate, mineral, carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid content. Results revealed sucrose as the predominant sugar (91%) with an average gross energy of 17.21 MJ/kg, and with fat content at 6.34% and crude protein at 19.20%. Tryptophan was the least available essential amino acid. Notable saturated fatty acids included linoleic acid (41%) and oleic acid (21%). Potassium and sodium emerged as primary macrominerals, whilst iron dominated amongst microminerals. In addition to these positive attributes, BGN was consistent in other nutritional parameters. The proximate analysis (ash, moisture, acid detergent fibre, and neutral detergent fibre content) fell within the typical ranges observed in most legumes. Of the 70 landraces, 6 (BGN 13, 23, 35, 48, 55, and 57) exhibited superior nutritional profiles. The identification of these specific landraces with superior nutritional profiles offers practical guidance for targeted cultivation efforts. That is, by strategically selecting and cultivating these landraces, it may become possible to maximise the nutritional benefits of BGN and address specific dietary deficiencies. This approach aligns with the overarching goal of ensuring food security and improving nutrition outcomes globally, and specifically on the African continent.

Significance:

• BGN holds promise for enhancing food security in sub-Saharan Africa.
• This research highlights the nutritional composition of BGN, addressing prevalent nutrient deficiencies in the region.
• Understanding the nutritional value of BGN enables informed agricultural strategies, promotes its cultivation as a sustainable nourishment source and enhances resilience against food insecurity.
• Identifying specific landraces with superior nutritional profiles offers practical insights for targeted cultivation efforts.
• Targeted cultivation can maximise the nutritional benefits of BGN.
• This research provides a tangible pathway to address dietary deficiencies and advocate for healthier, more sustainable diets.